Early Adobe Photoshop History
In 1987, Thomas Knoll, a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh Plus to display grayscale images on a monochromeJohn Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program, which had been renamed Image-pro.[4] Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barney scan to distribute copies of the program with a slide scanner; a "total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped" this way.[5] display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother
During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple Computer Inc. and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988.[4] While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained in Ann Arbor writing program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively.
History of Adobe Photoshop
For the last 20 years, Adobe® Photoshop® software has allowed its users to push the boundaries of visual experience. From its beginning as a side project of an engineering graduate student, it has evolved into the most widely used creative product family in the world and had a profound impact on the way everyone views images. Every day, users turn to Photoshop applications to organize, refine, manipulate, and showcase digital images—often in ways that have never been seen before.
Photoshop products have always been driven by innovation. They have rewarded their users with the ability to bring their creative visions to reality through images. More importantly, those users have also rewarded Adobe with the inspiration to continuously expand the capabilities of the technology. Their ideas and innovative uses of the products have inspired Photoshop engineers to continually strive to expand the product’s possibilities.
As a result, the Photoshop family has grown to embrace a wide range of customers who use images to communicate what’s in their mind’s eye. While graphic artists were among the earliest users, they were joined over the years by web designers, video professionals, home users and, of course, professional photographers. Nowadays, a new class of 3D artists as well as doctors, architects, engineers, scientists and many more professionals are finding additional ways that Photoshop can help them bring their ideas to life.
Today, Adobe offers the right Photoshop for all types of users. Adobe Photoshop CS3 software (to come spring 2007) is available in two editions—Photoshop CS3, the professional standard that delivers groundbreaking tools for creating powerful images, and Photoshop CS3 Extended, which offers everything in Photoshop CS3 plus 3D and motion support and image analysis tools. Photoshop Light room™ is the photographer’s essential toolbox, simplifying work flow from shoot to finish and providing a complete photography solution when used with Photoshop CS3. Photoshop Elements combines power and simplicity so photography enthusiasts can do more with their photos. And for those just getting started in digital photography, Photoshop Album Starter Edition offers a quick and easy way to share memories.
Thanks to this rich heritage of innovation, and the ability to help a growing number of diverse customers through its product offerings, Photoshop has become the industry standard in digital imaging.
Software Definition Adobe Photoshop, or simply Photoshop, is a graphics editing program developed and published by Adobe Systems. It is the current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation software, and is the flagship product of Adobe Systems. It has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals"[1] and was one of the early "killer applications" on the Macintosh, later also for the PC.[2] Adobe's 2005 "Creative Suite" rebranding led to Adobe Photoshop 8's renaming to Adobe Photoshop CS. Thus, Adobe Photoshop CS4 is the 11th major release of Adobe Photoshop. The CS rebranding also resulted in Adobe offering numerous software packages containing multiple Adobe programs for a reduced price. Adobe Photoshop is included in most of Adobe's Creative Suite offerings. Photoshop's popularity, combined with its high retail price, makes Photoshop's piracy rate relatively high.[3] Adobe countered by including SafeCast DRM starting with Adobe Photoshop CS. Features Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. The .PSD (Photoshop Document), Photoshop's native format, stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot colors, clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software. The .PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Premiere Pro, and After Effects, to make professional standard DVDs and provide non-linear editing and special effects services, such as backgrounds, textures, and so on, for television, film, and the Web. Photoshop is a pixel-basedAdobe Illustrator, which is a vector-based image editor, unlike image editor. Photoshop can utilize the color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, binary bitmap, and duotone. Photoshop has the ability to read and write raster and vector image formats such as .EPS, .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, and Adobe Fireworks. |
CS3Photoshop CS3 is marketed with three main components of improvement over previous versions: "Work more productively, edit with unrivalled power, and composite with breakthrough tools."[7] New features propagating productivity include streamlined interface, improved Camera Raw, better control over print options, enhanced PDF support, and better management with Adobe Bridge. Editing tools new to CS3 are the Clone Source palette and nondestructive Smart Filters, and other features such as the Brightness/Contrast adjustment and Vanishing Point module were enhanced. The Black and White adjustment option improves users control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved image stitching technology.[7]CS3 Extended contains all features of CS3 plus tools for editing and importing some 3D graphics file formats, enhancing video, and comprehensive image analysis tools, utilizing MATLAB integration and DICOM file support.[8]  Smart Layers display the filter without altering the original image (here on Mac OS X)
| CS4Photoshop CS4 features additions such as the ability to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes, convert gradient maps to 3D objects, add depth to layers and text, get print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine, and enjoy exporting to supported common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask Panels; Content-aware scaling (also known as seam carving[9]); Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options.[10]Photoshop CS4 is the first 64-bit Photoshop on consumer computers (only on Windows – the OS-X version is still 32-bit only.)[11] On 30 April, Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which includes all the same features of Adobe Photoshop CS4 with the addition of capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, and high end film and video users. The successor to Photoshop CS3, Download Lesson for Photoshop here |
Plugins
Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called Photoshop plugins which act like mini-editors that modify the image. The most common type are filter plugins that provide various image effects. They are located in the 'Filter' menu. Photoshop plugin API has become a standard, and many other image editors also support Photoshop Plugins.
Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process raw image files so that the resultant images can be processed by Photoshop.[12] It is invoked by attempting to open such a file, rather than from the 'Filter' menu, but like other plugins is listed in the 'Help > About Plug-In' menu (as "Camera Raw").
Trademark
Adobe discourages use of "Photoshop" as a verb, as in using photoshopping to refer to photo editing, to prevent its trademark from becoming a genericized trademark.[13] Nevertheless, photoshop is commonly used as a verb.[14]
Consumer market
While Photoshop is the industry standard image editing program for professional raster graphics and other digital art, its relatively high suggested retail price has led to a number of competing graphics tools, such as GIMP and Paint.NET, becoming popular. To compete in this market, and to counter unusually high rates of piracyAdobe Photoshop Elements. A more user-friendly interface and new tools such as the "red-eye" reduction brush were aimed firmly at the more casual image editor. Many professional features were omitted. Removing CMYKprepress work; paradoxically, the ability of Adobe InDesign to enable an entirely RGB workflow has meant that Elements can now be used as part of a professional workflow.[15] of its high end products, the company introduced a consumer-oriented version of Photoshop as functionality, for example, initially made Elements unsuitable for commercial
